Frequently Asked Questions

What is Project Finance?

After almost eight decades Project Finance has evolved out of all recognition to its 1950’s incarnation. Then, it was led by the largest global financial institutions financing major infrastructure and industrial projects. Now, it is a unique structure where investors lend against the track record and financial stability of whoever is contracted to buy the output from the built project. These considerations override the assets and balance sheet of the borrower.

Consequently, the only source of finance with the flexibility to fill the $multi-trillion global project financing gap is that provided by asset managers, hedge, alternative investment, private debt/equity funds, family offices and a range of other private capital funds.  However, some institutional lenders are now responding to the A+-rated insurance Wrap which is now available through PFX.  This elevates the transaction to equivalence with any mainstream fixed-income asset. 

All opportunities listed on PFX have an off-take agreement with a credible entity, or a feasibility study clearly presenting how funds will be repaid. Off-takes include Power Purchase Agreements with national/regional grids and major corporations and Management and Operating Agreements with strong brands for hospitality, healthcare, infrastructure and projects across all other sectors.

Whether you are an investor or capital raiser, please take your time and have a good look around our site. We are consolidating the opaque and fragmented global private capital/project finance market, which has all the attributes of a global capital market in its own right,.  PFX is the long-overdue medium through which you can now seamlessly identify, connect and engage with your investment partner. Privacy prevails across PFX.

 

In which countries can PFX investors operate?

Any country not sanctioned by the UN.

Can PFX Investors fund Public Private Partnership Projects?

Yes

So, what separates PFX from all the other ‘investment platforms’ we investors have to look at?

Project finance is a $multi-trillion market populated by thousands of investors on the buy-side and thousands of projects on the sell-side at any one time.  The PFX 'mission' is to consolidate what has always been a hopelessly fragmented and opaque market with thousands of investors on the buy-side and thousands of projects on the sell-side at any one time.  Further information in our Media Backgrounder

In deal value terms many project financings are as large as IPO’s, which have to meet widely accepted prospectus requirements. PFX expects its project finance opportunities to do the same, saving everyone time and money. When you’re satisfied that PFX will make a positive impact on your deal origination, please go to the Investors zone so we can welcome you into the PFX investor community.

PFX operates through 20 regional intake centres each overseen by their Regional Manager providing the essential human interface. Please download our Intake Form to see how we ensure this.  Professional advisors such as accountants, consultants and others can now also submit opportunities they may occasionally encounter through our Professional Advisors zone.

Why should I make my private business public on the exchange?

You don’t. Look at any Elevator Pitch in our pipeline, and you will see that there is no identifying information available to the public domain. Only PFX registered investors can view the Executive Summary to see that kind of detail, and only after they have been through our initial DD when they register.

What is the minimum and maximum deal value PFX can handle?

All our investors prefer a minimum deal value of $100m, with no maximum.  We can go a little below this if the project meets certain criteria such as being the first in a series of similar projects.

Why is my investor refusing to provide proof that they have the funds available for my project?

Unless your investor is an institution who you already know, they are (far more) likely to be a hedge, private debt/equity or alternative investment fund, a family office, asset manager, mandated lender or one of the many other entities who manage and allocate capital for their private investor clients. They aggregate funds from their investor clients to invest into individual projects through the SPV (Special Purpose Vehicle).  Those investor clients will not want disclosure of their corporate or personal information.  Would you?

What are our liabilities once funded?

You should be left free and clear of any financial liabilities whatsoever. Your financing is provided and underwritten against the track record and financial stability of whoever is contracted to buy the output from your built project with the same criteria applying to your contractors, designers and all other counterparties involved in the project. Comprehensive insurance wraps leave you and your counterparties free and clear of any financial liability whatsoever.

How do we know that the Investible Capital figure you show is real? Why don’t you show the names of your investors?

Quite simply because they do not want to be inundated with appeals for funding that are not properly researched, prepared or documented. That's PFX's job.  The dichotomy for private capital funds is that they have abundant capital but cannot risk exposing themselves to the market too much and risk their intake/origination functions being overwhelmed by what are known in the market as ‘dreamers’ and ‘joker-brokers’. PFX has been set up so that they can operate in a structured, private market without incurring that risk. They know that the deals they do want to engage with are all fully prepared from Elevator Pitch, thru Executive Summary to Full Deck by our Regional Managers or in-house analysts. This is also an assurance to capital-raisers that listing their projects on PFX means that they will be taken seriously by prospective investors and lenders.

What costs can we expect to incur prior to receiving funds?

All investors are different, but you can usually expect to incur some costs which can cover due diligence, underwriting preparation, surveys legal and other costs. But there are countless funding structures each with their own set-up costs for the investor and client respectively.  Any costs you are expected to incur will be clearly presented in your conditional terms sheet or your investor’s equivalent document.

If using the Insurance Wrap, there are set-up fees to cover the time spent by the A+-rated underwriters involved in preparing it.  This time has to be covered in the event your transaction fails for whatever reason, which it won't if you have been completely transparent with all information requested.

Some PFX registered investors are now assigning their due diligence and compliance analysis activities to PFX, although the investor accepts full responsibility for the information provided.  In these cases PFX is obliged to charge a fee to the client to cover the costs and time involved, which is refunded on completion of financing.  Provided that the client has been totally transparent throughout the transaction this fee carries no risk.

How does PFX make money?

PFX is paid upon funding completion by the investor.

I am an investor. Am I connected directly to the project principals when I offer to engage?

Yes.

In which country is PFX registered?

UK.

Is PFX regulated?

No. The Private Capital market is, so far, unregulated. But most PFX registered funds are regulated dependent on their jurisdiction and because they actually manage funds for private individuals or institutions.  PFX is a media/information management company.

What role does PFX play between all the stakeholders?

We have added a ‘media layer’ to the traditional intermediary business model, enabling us to share investment opportunities amongst a much wider audience of potential investors but with privacy assured and identifies protected. We are therefore a ‘closed marketplace’ of verified investors and completely ‘submission ready’ opportunities (only the investor can decide when a project is ‘shovel ready’). Privacy is assured at all levels with no investor or project identifying information available to the public domain.

Which sectors can PFX Investors fund the projects?

Agri; Airports; Aviation; Bio-Fuels; Bridges; Care Homes; Clinics/Hospitals; Commercial RE; Dams; Fisheries/Fish Farming; Healthcare; Hospitality; Hotels/Resorts; Hydro-Electricity; Infrastructure; In-Ground Assets; Leisure/Recreation; Media; Nuclear Energy; Oil & Gas; Ports; Potable Water; Power Distribution; Renewable Energy; Residential RE; Road/Rail; Satellites (Commercial); Senior Living; Shipping/Marine; Social Infrastructure; Social/Affordable Housing; Solar Farms; Spaceports; Technology, Media & Telecommunications (TMT); Trams; Transport/Distribution/Warehousing; Tunnels; Utility (gas, water, sewage etc); Waste Recycling: Waste-to-Energy; Waste-to-Fuel; Wave/Tidal Energy; Windfarms.

How do investors separate the deals they're interested in out of the hundreds available?

They are notified personally of opportunities that match the investment criteria they provided to our Investor Liaison team on registration.  They register all investor preferences by deal value, country/region, market sector and other specific criteria.  They are provided a link to the listing and, if they wish to move forward, they can then access the full Executive Summary and data-room.

Can PFX Investors fund Governments directly?

It is always the project that is funded, not the project principals so it doesn’t matter if the borrower is a local or regional government, corporate body or any other entity.

Will PFX Investors consider government projects who are looking for an EPC contractor?

No. Any project listed on PFX must have all contractors in place with agreements completed or at an advanced stage of development.

Can PFX Investors provide Islamic financing?

Some.

What is the minimum and maximum amount considered for financing?

The minimum amount for a PFX listing is $100m with no upper limit. If a sub-$100m deal is presented that we feel any one of our investors will be interested in, we will list the opportunity on a case-by-case basis.

Can PFX Investors provide financing as debt or equity or combination of both?

The preferred structure is long term debt, but some funds will take an equity stake.

In debt financing is collateral needed? If yes what are the different collaterals accepted?

Collateral is not an issue in project financing, everything is predicated on the financial stability and track record of the contracted off-taker and other counterparties involved in the project. If the underwriters are happy to carry the risk, debt financing will be forthcoming.

What costs can we expect to incur before being financed?

All those costs that go with preparing your project for financing which includes architects, land acquisition/leasing/optioning, permits, permissions, access and other essentials before the project can be considered for financing. Also, most investors now want an insurance ‘wrap’ which incurs a set-up cost of between £10,000 and £30,000, with premiums added to the loan. How much depends on the nature of the project and eventual cost of the Wrap. PFX investors do not get involved in costs incurred in preparing the project for financing.

At what stage is the due diligence done, before or after signing the unconditional/conditional term sheet?

After signing the conditional terms sheet.

Who does the due diligence?

Most investors have their own licensed providers who will conduct the major part of all due diligence. Any further specialist verifications are usually contracted out to specialists in the market concerned whose job will be to verify information you have provided as an ‘approved’ party.

However, some investors are now insisting on PFX carrying out its due diligence and compliance preparation work (although final liability is accepted by the investors) for which PFX necessarily has to charge the project principals.  This 'PFX Processing', where required, is refunded on completion of the transaction.

What documents do we need to submit with our application?

Please download our Intake Form from the Submit Project zone which enables you to check that you have all the documentation required by investors.

Is a feasibility study mandatory as part of the documentation?

Feasibility studies are essential where there is no off-take or power purchase agreement.  In some of these cases feasibility studies are provided in addition.  Feasibility studies are usually required on transit, infrastructure and other projects where anticipated usage/uptake needs to be clearly defined.  The study must come from a credible body that is acceptable to the investor and their underwriters.

How long will it take for the investor to fund the project?

Much depends on the complexity of the project. A general guideline is to allow four to eight months (or more depending on project complexity) from funder engagement to financing.

Can the financing be done in the currency of the country of project?

No. The hedging cost would increase underwriting and other costs on the loan terms. PFX Investors fund in EUR, GBP and USD.